Aplikasi Pemupukan Organik dan Hayati di Sawah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat

ABSTRAKSebagian sawah di  Kecamatan Sukaratu, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tertimbun material letusan Gunung Galunggung pada 1982 sehingga kualitas sawah tidak sebaik sebelum letusan. Peningkatan kualitas tanah sawah dapat dilakukan dengan bahan organik dan pupuk hayati. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dasar tentang pupuk hayati kepada petani di desa Sinagar dan Linggajati serta meningkatkan keterampilan petani dalam aplikasi pupuk hayati disertai kompos. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, telah dilakukan diskusi kelompok terfokus dan penyuluhan mengenai pupuk hayati, praktek pembuatan kompos dan apliksi pupuk hayati konsorsium di sawah. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah 20 orang petani memahami  peran mikroba dan pupuk kotoran ternak serta komps dalam produksi tanaman; tetapi  mereka belum mampu membuat pupuk organik sesuai standard. Hanya satu orang petani yang mengaplikasikan pupuk hayati disertai penambahan kompos di tanah sawah sehingga meningkatkan produksi sebesar 1%.  Program ini memberikan gambaran bahwa teknologi pupuk hayati dapat diadopsi oleh petani di Kecamatan Sukaratu.Kata kunci: bahan Organik;  kotoran ternak; padi sawah; pupuk hayati.ABSTRACTSome of the paddy fields in Sukaratu Sub-district, Tasikmalaya Regency were buried by Mount Galunggung's eruption material in 1982 so that the quality of soil was worse than that before the eruption. Improving the quality of paddy soil can be established with biological fertilizers. The purpose of this community service was to introduce the basic knowledge about biofertilizer to farmers in the Sinagar and Linggajati Village; and to improve farmers' skills in the application of biological fertilizers and compost. To achieve the goals, we conducted a focused group discussion, short extension program on biological fertilizers, compost production, and consortium biofertilizer application in paddy fields. The result verified that 20 farmers has knowledge about the role of beneficial microbes, manure and compost for plant production but they did not able to prepare standardized organic matter. However one farmer was interested to apply biofertilizers along with compost to paddy fields. This program illustrates that biofertilizer technology can be adopted by farmer in Sukaratu Sub-district.Key Words: biofertilizer; cattle manure; organic matter; paddy soi

Role of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Cadmium Uptake by Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) Grown on Cadmium Contaminated Soil

ABSTRACTContinues phosphate fertilization as well as organic matter amendment can increase cadmium concentrationin soil and induce more cadmium uptake by plants. Pytoremediation using non edible plant such as ramie(Boehmeria nivea L. Goud) is cheap and effective method to extract Cd from Cd-contaminated soil. Since inplant tissue Cd is bound in phytochelatin peptide which contains nitrogen and sulphur, the objective of thisgreen house experiment was to assess the influence of nitrogen fertilizer in form of urea on cadmiumuptake, nitrogen and sulphur concentration in shoots as well as shoot dry weight of 60-day old ramiegrown in cadmium-contaminated soil. The experiment was set up in a Split Plot Design with two treatmentsand three replications. The main plot was cadmium levels (0, 10 and 15 mg kg-1) and subplot was urea level(0, 5.0 and 7.5 g pot-1). The result showed that the increase of cadmium concentration in soil enhanced itsconcentration in ramie shoot regardless of urea levels. However either cadmium or urea did not changesulphur concentration in ramie shoot. Urea of 7,5 g/pot increased shoot dry weight but adding CdCl2.H2O of15 mg/kg did not change shoot dry weight. This experiment demonstrated that ramie was able to grow inrelatively high level of soil cadmium, and higher cadmium uptake by ramie shoot was not followed by anincrease in nitrogen as well as sulphur uptake.Keywords: Cadmium, Urea, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Ramie

EFEK PEMBERIAN PUPUK HAYATI KONSORSIUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

Fertilizer is one of the important limited factor in plant cultivation system. Biofertilizer is a kind of fertilizer which improve nutrient availability in soil and subsequently plant yield. A research was carried out in village Waiheru, District Baguala, Ambon to determine the effect of different level of mixed biofertilizer on the growth and yield of caisim that grown on Alluvial. The research used Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three concentration of liquid biofertilizer, namely: 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Treatment control was without biofertilizer. The results showed that inoculation of liquid biological fertilizer at concentration of 1% improved growth and yield of caisim higher than the concentration of 0.1% and 0.5%. Inoculation of 1% biofertilizer increased the fresh weight of caisim shoot up to 37.36% compared to that of controls. While, fresh weight of caisim with biofertilizer of 0.1% and 0.5% was 24.52% and 28.94% respectively.Keyword: Ambon, Mixed Biofertilizer, Caisi

Humic Acid for Reducing Carbofuran Content of Rice Grown in Carbofuran-Contaminated Soil

Carbofuran insecticide widely used in rice production. The carbofuran residue in agricultural threatens wide life and human health since its active ingredient carbamate is toxic. Humic acid (HA) amendment is an effective way to minimize the residue in soil since HA can adsorb the organic pollutant and induce growth of fungus that degrade the carbofuran. The objective of this research was to observe the influence of HA on the carbofuran residues in soil, straw, and rice; as well as yield of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) grown in carbofuran contaminated potted soil. The level of carbofuran residue in soil before experiment was 10 mg kg-1. The experiment was setup in Randomized Block Design to test various HAs extracted from organic matter. The results indicated that humic acid didn’t affect plant growth and yield but decreased the carbofuran residue in straw and unhusked rice grain. Rhizosphere of rice treated with HA showed higher fungal count than control. This experiment suggests that HA were effectively used to control the carbofuran residue in soil and rice grown in low carbofuran-contamination agricultural soi

Kepadatan Bakteri Total dan Azotobacter SP di Rizosfer Selada (Lactuca Sativa L.) Setelah Aplikasi Kasing dan Pupuk NPK

Organic matter and inorganic fertilizer application are important to maintain the existence of potential microbes in the rhizosphere and maintain the soil quality. A greenhouse experiment has been carried out to determine the effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on total bacterial and Azotobacter population in rhizosphere and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in soil order of Inceptisols. The experimental design was a factorial randomized complete block design with three replicates were tested three doses of vermicompost (7.5, 15 and 22.5 t ha-1) and four doses of inorganic fertilizers; NPK (300; 450; 600 and 750 kg ha-1). The results showed that there was no significant interaction between vermicompost and NPK fertilizer on either total bacterial or Azotobacter population, as well as on fresh weight of lettuce. Both vermicompost and NPK fertilizer did not affect the biological parameters. However, the application of 750 kg/ha NPK fertilizer can increased lettuce weight up to 24% compared to that of control. This study suggested that in the relatively poor soil nutrients, lettuce growth was depend on inorganic fertilizers

Populasi Bakteri dan Jamur Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Teh (Camellia Sinensis L.) pada Dua Jenis Media Tanam Setelah Inokulasi Azotobacter

Substituting a part of soil on tea Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) nurseries by using organic matter could minimize the remove fertile soil from nature. Biofertilizing are a way to improve the biological quality of soil and subsequently tea seedling quality. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of planting media composition and biofertilizer doses on total fungal and bacterial population on planting media; as well as tea seedlings growth. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments and 4 replications, each replication consisted of three plants. The treatment consisted of soil without biofertilizer (control), soil + 5% biofertilizer, soil + 10% biofertilizer, cocopeat without biofertilizer, cocopeat + 5% biofertilizer, cocopeat + 10% biofertilizer, filter cake without biofertilizer, filter cake + 5% biofertilizer, and filter cake + 10% biofertilizer. Biofertilizer used in this experiment were Azotobacter vinelandii and Azotobacter chroococcum that was mixed with growing media before planting. Result of the experiment showed that planting media affect microbial populations differently. The population of total bacteria, total fungi and Azotobacter sp. in the filter cake media with 10% biofertilizer was significantly higher than those of other growing media. However, Azotobacter biofertilizer had no effect on seedling growth of tea (Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) clones Gambung-

Formulation of Bacillus and Azotobacter Consortia in Liquid Cultures: Preliminary Research on Microbes-Coated Urea

The spore-forming Bacillus and cysts forming Azotobacter are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria which has been used as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture since they tolerant to dried soil. Drought resistant microbes will be useful to coat urea in order to reduce the lost of nitrogen. The objectives of this preliminary study were to study the effect of molasse based liquid media on the population of Bacillus spore and Azotobacter vegetative cell and to determine the composition of four bacterial species in liquid formula. In the first experiment The Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii were grown separately in 1% cane molasses enriched with 0.1% NH4Cl. As control treatment, The Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in Nutrient Broth and Ashby’s mannitol broth respectively. In the second experiment, different composition of said Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in molasses based liquid media prior to count the spore and vegetative cell. The results showed that molasses-based media supported bacterial growth and initial ratio 1:1:1:1 of liquid inoculant was effective to increase bacterial growth. This experiment suggested that the use of organic based media was useful practice of liquid biofertilizer formulation for granule urea coating

ROLE OF BIOFERTILIZER TO INCREASE CAYSIM YIELD, N AND P RESIDUES AND THEIR PLANT UPTAKE

Inokulasi pupuk hayati konsorsium yang mengandung mikroba pemfiksasi nitrogen (N) dan pelarut fosfat (P) adalah cara untuk menggantikan sebagian pupuk anorganik dalam produksi sayuran di tanah kurang subur. Percobaan rumah kaca telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konsorsium pupuk hayati dan beberapa dosis pupuk anorganik majemuk NPK terhadap hasil caisim (Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis.) di tanah kurang subur; serta kadar N dan P tersedia tanah serta serapannya di tajuk caisim setelah panen. Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas tujuh kombinasi dosis pupuk majemuk dan pupuk hayati konsorsium; serta tiga perlakuan kontrol. Seluruh perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi kedua jenis pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot segar pucuk caisim, dan P tersedia tanah setelah panen serta serapan N dan P dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk hayati saja atau tanpa permupukan. Beberapa perlakuan kombinasi dosis pupuk NPK dan pupuk hayati menghasilkan hasil caisim yang sama dengan perlakuan pupuk NPK saja. Pemberian 300 kg/ha pupuk majemuk disertai 3,75 L/ha pupuk hayati berpotensi meningkatkan hasil sampai 16% dibandingkan dengan pupuk NPK saja. Hasil percobaan ini menjelaskan bahwa inokulasi pupuk hayati dapat menurunkan dosis pupuk NPK untuk mempertahankan hasil, serapan P serta residu P tersedia di tanah.Consortium biofertilizer containing Nitrogen (N) Fixing Bacteria and Phosphate (P) Solubilizing Bacteria may substitute inorganic fertilizer in vegetable production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of some combinations and doses of consortium biofertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer on available N and P in the soil, fresh weight of caysim (Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis.), and their uptake by caisim shoots after grown in low fertility soil. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of seven combinations and doses of consortium biofertilizer and compound fertilizer; and three control treatments. All treatments were repeated three times. The results showed that the combination of the which combination treatment of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer had a significant effect on the fresh weight of caysim shoots, available P and N and P uptake after harvesting compared to the biofertilizer treatment alone or without fertilization. Several treatments of combined doses of biofertilizers and NPK compound fertilizer produced the same yield as NPK compound fertilizer alone. The application of 300 kg/ha of compound fertilizer combined with 3,75 L/ha of biofertilizer enabled to increase the yield up to 16% compared to NPK fertilizer alone. This experiment explained that inoculation of biofertilizers can reduce the dose of NPK fertilizer to maintain yield, available P residue in soil and P uptak